1. Wi-Fi

• 1001 – 2000 MHz — GPS, radar and satellite communications (roughly 10% of exposure)
• 2001 – 3000 MHz — Wi-Fi (roughly 56% of exposure)
• 5001 – 6000 MHz — Wi-Fi, transport communications, military applications

From the study linked below:

"Research suggests that … pulsed electromagnetic fields can interact with voltage-gated ion channels in cell membranes, leading to their dysfunction. The resultant imbalance can initiate the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can directly damage DNA and other vital biomolecules such as lipids and proteins." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393443485_RPiA_Journal_2025_Vol_42_No_1_ARPS2024_Conference_Paper

More studies will be added as they're found.

2. 5G

• 410 MHz–1 GHz (Low-Band / FR1-Low) — wide coverage, deep building penetration, slower speeds
• 1 GHz–7.125 GHz (Mid-Band / FR1-Mid) — a balance of speed and coverage
• 24.25 GHz–71 GHz (High-Band / FR2/mmWave) — ultra-fast speeds over very short distances, poor penetration

From the studies below:

"The concerns about possible adverse effects to human health need to be addressed. The health effects of frequencies in the range 450 to 6,000 MHz are cautioned. There is a need for studies on nonthermal effects of the higher frequencies." (1)

"…even in the absence of the missing real-life components such as toxic chemicals and biotoxins (which tend to exacerbate the adverse effects of wireless radiation), the literature shows there is much valid reason for concern about potential adverse health effects from both 4G and 5G technology. The studies on wireless radiation health effects reported in the literature should be viewed as extremely conservative, substantially underestimating the adverse impacts of this new technology." (2)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10041185/ (2) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037842742030028X

3. Microwave Ovens

• 2.45 GHz (sometimes 915 MHz) — standard household microwaves. Microwave radiation spans a broad range, from 300 MHz to 300 GHz.

"All biological levels are affected by EMR, including microbes, animals, and humans…" (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9409438/

4. Smart Meters

• 902–928 MHz and 2.4–2.48 GHz — frequencies similar to those used by mobile phones and Wi-Fi networks.

"Results: The most frequently reported symptoms from exposure to smart meters were (1) insomnia, (2) headaches, (3) tinnitus, (4) fatigue, (5) cognitive disturbances, (6) dysesthesias (abnormal sensation), and (7) dizziness. The effects of these symptoms on people's lives were significant." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25478801/

5. CFLs

• 20,000–60,000 Hz (20–60 kHz) — the internal electronic operating frequency of compact fluorescent lamps.

"These studies indicate that the risk of chronic exacerbation of photosensitivity from frequent exposure to CFLs is not negligible." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2868278/

Further reading: Why CFLs Aren't Such a Bright Idea — Psychology Today, with links to further expert sources.

6. LEDs

• 400–790 THz — visible-light wave frequencies
• 100 or 120 Hz — electrical flicker frequency, depending on the regional power grid

"Several in vitro and animal studies have been conducted, which indicate that blue and white LEDs can potentially cause retinal cell damage." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32251083/

7. Smart TVs

• 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz — Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
• Low-frequency EMF — from internal power supplies

Many smart TVs keep emitting radio-frequency signals even when "off," as long as they're in standby mode listening for a wake command.

"Excessive screen time can have significant negative impacts on both physical health and mental health." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10852174/

8. Laser Products

• 10¹²–3×10¹⁴ Hz — infrared lasers (700 nm–10,000+ nm, including CO₂ lasers at 10.6 µm)
• 4×10¹⁴–7.5×10¹⁴ Hz — visible lasers (380–750 nm, including red HeNe at 632.8 nm, green Nd:YAG at 532 nm)
• Above 7.5×10¹⁴ Hz — ultraviolet lasers (below 380 nm)

"Our findings suggest that portable laser pointers and powerful laser projectors may cause retinal damage, traumatic macular holes and, in some cases, loss of vision." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355212654_Adverse_Health_Effects_of_Exposure_to_Visible_Laser_Radiation_in_the_General_Population_A_Review

9. Bluetooth Devices

• 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, plus low-frequency EMF from internal power supplies — headphones, watches, speakers, tablets. Worth noting: Bluetooth devices use "frequency hopping," switching channels up to 1,600 times per second to avoid interference from Wi-Fi or microwaves.

"Attention should be paid to the duration of Bluetooth headset use in daily life to reduce the potential risk of thyroid nodules." (1)

Studies on harmful effects: (1) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11192738/

10. Electric Cars

• 2 Hz–3 kHz (Extremely Low Frequency) — from battery current flow and motor rotation
• 3 kHz–150 kHz (Intermediate Frequency) — from the motor inverter and drivetrain electronics
• 2.4 GHz–5 GHz (Radio Frequency) — from Bluetooth, cellular modems, GPS and Wi-Fi hotspots built into the cabin

"Considering the chronic nature of exposure to EMF in EVs … and the potential specific risks from exposure to EMF of complex composition in time and frequency domains, there is a need to collect research data on the complex characteristics of EMF exposure related to the use of EVs … as well as decreasing the level of their exposure by applying relevant preventive measures (e.g., locating indoor Wi-Fi routers, and other such electrical equipment, away from the driver's cabin)."

If you have an electric car in the garage, it's worth thinking about its potential impact on your family's health — especially since EVs also carry built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, adding to the EMF already generated by the motor.

Easy Ways to Reduce Exposure to Household EMF

• Turn off Wi-Fi at night or when not in use
• Use airplane mode when you're not using your phone
• Keep your phone away from your head during calls — use speaker mode
• Keep your phone away from your head while sleeping
• Switch to wired headphones
• Step away from the microwave while it's running (or explore other ways to heat food)
• Unplug smart devices when they're not in use
• Add EMF-filtering plants to your space, such as cactus, aloe vera or snake plant

In Conclusion

Think of reducing EMF exposure as giving your brain a chance to rest, recharge and return to its natural rhythm—it's device-free frequency. You may not be able to eliminate EMFs from your home entirely, but you can lower your exposure — and support your mental and physical health in the process.

Benefits of lowering EMF exposure may include*:

• Better sleep quality
• Improved mood balance
• Clearer thinking and focus
• Reduced anxiety and stress

*Source: https://fxnmind.com/top-household-emf-sources/

How To Reduce The Harm of Household EMFs: Learn From An Expert

Join our free Zoom call with Lyn McLean, an expert with more than 30 years' experience, who will answer your questions and share her insight on mitigating the effects of harmful EMFs and other frequencies.

Lyn McLean is a respected authority on electromagnetic fields and wireless radiation. Through the EMR Alliance, the EMR Association of Australia and EMR Australia, she has written thousands of blogs, newsletters, articles, talks and courses, along with four books. Her work explores the potential effects of electromagnetic radiation on human health, children and the natural world — helping people make informed choices to reduce their personal and household exposure.

To join CLICK HERE